ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the level of PCDD/Fs exposure of occupational workers in the waste incineration industry and explore the risk of occupational exposure. Methods: In September 2021, literature on environmental PCDD/Fs exposure in waste incineration plants published from the establishment of the database to February 10, 2021 was retrieved from CNKI database. A total of 1365 literatures were retrieved, and 7 met the criteria for inclusion. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inhalation risk model was used to assess and analyze carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs exposure among occupational workers in the waste incineration industry. Results: A total of 86 sampling sites were included in incineration plants in 7 regions. The study of Wuhan area showed that the concentration of working environment near the waste incinerator in the same factory was the highest, followed by the rest and office area in the factory. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in waste incinerators was the highest in Southwest China (4880.00-24880.00 pg TEQ/m(3)), and the lowest in Shenzhen (0.02-0.44 pg TEQ/m(3)). According to the cancer risk assessment, with the increase of exposure years, the risk of cancer increased. The highest risk of cancer was found in the waste incineration plants in Southwest China. When the exposure period was 1 year, the risk was moderate (22.40×10(-6)-114.20×10(-6)). When the exposure time was more than 5 years, the risk of cancer was high. In Jinan, workers working near the incinerator had a moderate risk of cancer after five years of exposure. In Zhejiang, workers were at medium risk of cancer after exposure for more than 20 years. Workers in Wuhan, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, Shenzhen and the Pearl River Delta were still at low risk of cancer after 40 years of occupational exposure. HQ>1 of workers working near the waste incinerators in Jinan, Zhejiang Province and Southwest China, and the qualitative evaluation results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk was unacceptable. Conclusion: There are great differences in PCDD/Fs of occupational exposure in waste incineration industry, and the occupational exposure exceeding the occupational exposure limit has higher carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dibenzofurans , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis , Air Pollutants/analysis , Incineration , Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated/analysis , China/epidemiology , Benzofurans , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Carcinogens , Risk Assessment , Neoplasms , Environmental Monitoring/methodsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Verificar a cicatrização de queimaduras em áreas especiais através da aplicação da membrana bioativa de colágeno contendo ácido úsnico incorporado em lipossomas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção, descritivo e de campo, de comparação intraindividual, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Unidade de Tratamento de Queimados (UTQ) do Hospital de Urgência de Sergipe (HUSE) durante três meses. A amostra foi composta por nove pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, apresentando duas áreas queimadas, selecionadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: teste, no qual foram aplicadas as membranas bioativas; e controle, áreas submetidas à aplicação de óleo à base de ácido graxo essencial ou sulfadiazina de prata, padrão-ouro no tratamento de queimaduras. As imagens foram captadas por registro fotográfico padronizado e, em seguida, foi realizada a análise descritiva da queimadura, bem como o cálculo da área queimada, através do programa Image J®, antes e após intervenção. Resultados: Notou-se maior presença de tecido de granulação na área teste, bem como maior vascularização, com cicatrização mais homogênea e mais avançada, enquanto a área controle (C14) ainda se apresentava com mais exsudato e deposição de fibrina. Houve padrão de redução da área das queimaduras nos dois grupos analisados, com área mais reduzida no grupo teste (de 2,769 cm2 para 1,258 cm2) em relação ao controle (de 2,882 cm2 para 2,091 cm2). Conclusão: Observou-se melhora no aspecto clínico das lesões, com cicatrização mais acelerada e fisiológica nas áreas teste, em relação à área controle.
Objective: To verify the burns healing in special areas through the application of the bioactive membrane of collagen containing usnic acid incorporated into liposomes. Methods: This is an interventional, descriptive and field study, of individual comparison, with a quantitative approach. Data collection was performed at the Burn Treatment Unit of Sergipe Urgency Hospital during three months. The sample consisted of nine adult patients, of both sexes, presenting two burned areas, randomly selected in two groups: test, where the bioactive membranes were applied; and control, areas subject to the application of oil based on essential fatty acid or silver sulfadiazine, gold standard in burns treatment. The images were captured by the standardized photographic record and then the descriptive analysis of the burn was carried out, as well as the calculation of the burn area, through the Image J® program, before and after intervention. Results: There was a greater presence of granulation tissue in test area, as well as greater vascularization, with more homogeneous and more advanced healing, whereas the control area still presented with more exudate and fibrin deposition. There was reduction of burn area between groups, with lower area in test group (2.769 cm2 to 1.258 cm2) in relation to control group (from 2.882 cm2 to 2.091 cm2). Conclusion: It was observed an improvement in the clinical aspect of the lesions, with a faster and physiological repair of scar in test areas in relation to control area.
Objetivo: Verificar la curación de quemaduras en áreas especiales mediante la aplicación de la membrana de colágeno bioactivo que contenía ácido usínico incorporado en los liposomas. Método: Se trata de una intervención, un estudio descriptivo y de campo, con una comparación intra-individual, con un enfoque cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó en la unidad de tratamiento de quemaduras del hospital de emergencia de Sergipe durante tres meses. La muestra consistió en nueve pacientes adultos de ambos sexos, presentando dos áreas quemadas, seleccionadas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: test, donde se aplicaron las membranas bioactivas; y control, áreas sometidas a la aplicación de aceites esenciales a base de ácidos grasos o sulfadiazina de plata, estándar de oro en el tratamiento de quemaduras. Las imágenes fueron capturadas por registros fotográficos estandarizados y luego se realizó el análisis descriptivo de la quemadura, así como el cálculo del área quemada, a través del programa Image J®, antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: La mayor presencia de granulación de tejido en el área de prueba, así como la vascularización, con más homogeneous y más avanzado curativo, el seguimiento del área de control con más exudación y fibrin deposición. (2,769 cm2 a 1,258 cm2) en relación al grupo de control (de 2,882 cm2 a 2,091 cm2). Conclusión: Este estudio demostró una mejora en el aspecto clínico de las lesiones, con un patrón más acelerado y fisiológico de la reparación del tejido en las áreas de la prueba.